Tag Archives: race

    In Brief

    Counting Race

    The U.S. population continues to become more racially and ethnically diverse. In fact, most of the growth in population from 2000 to 2010 occurred among those who reported their race(s) as something other than White alone or those who reported their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino. While non-Hispanic White alone population is still numerically and proportionally the largest racial and ethnic group in the U.S., it experienced the slowest growth rate in this period, and Asians grew fastest, according to Census Bureau staff Karen Humes, Nicholas Jones, and Roberto Ramirez (Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, Census Brief 2011).

    Though the overwhelming majority of the total population of the United States reported only one race, among those who reported multiple races, White and Black formed the largest multiple-race combination. Native Hawaiians, Other Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaska Natives were more likely than other racial groups to report multiple races. People who identified as White were the most likely to report only one race. Hispanics identified themselves predominately as either White or “some other race,” comprising 97 percent of those identifying with the latter category.

    Since 2000, growth in the Hispanic population has been mostly due to birth and immigration; for Asians it was due, in large part, to higher levels of immigration relative to other groups. The Black population, the second-largest racial group, experienced growth over the decade, but at a slower rate than all other race groups except for White.

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    about the author

    Mary Romero is a sociologist in the School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University. She is the author of The Maid’s Daughter, Living Inside and Out- side the American Dream.

    Mediations

    The Real Help

    Who are the help? Examining The Help and other media, the author explores the public (mis)portrayals of domestic workers.

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    about the author

    Victor M. Rios is in the sociology department at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This is adapted from his new book, Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys.

    Feature

    Stealing a Bag of Potato Chips and Other Crimes of Resistance

    Sociologist Victor M. Rios shows in his study how some young men make trouble as means of gaining respect. This is an adaptation from his book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys.

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    about the author

    Maria Krysan is in the sociology department and the Institute of Government and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois at Chicago. She studies racial residential segregation and racial attitudes.

    Feature

    Race and Residence from the Telescope to the Microscope

    In a companion piece to ‘The Waning of American Apartheid?,’ Maria Krysan explores the underlying reasons why segregation is so stubborn.

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    about the author

    Reynolds Farley is in the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. He has conducted research about racial trends in the United States since the 1960s and maintains a website about the history and future of Detroit at Detroit1701.org.

    Feature

    The Waning of American Apartheid?

    Racial residential segregation has a long and persistent history in the United States. Data from the most recent decade give hope that housing patterns and racial attitudes are moving—albeit slowly—toward integration.

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    about the author

    Richard Alba is in the sociology department at the Graduate Center of the City Uni- versity of New York. He is the author of Blurring the Color Line: The New Chance for a More Integrated America.

    Feature

    Sacco and Vanzetti and The Immigrant Threat

    The anti-immigrant sentiment in America in the 1920s, exemplified by the case against Sacco and Vanzetti, provides a pertinent reminder of the power of nativism as an establishment faces threatening social changes.

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    about the author

    Jordanna Matlon is in the sociology program at the University of California, Berkeley. She studies Africa, development and globalization, masculinities and urbanization.

    Photo Essay

    Informality and Visibility on the Periphery

    In her time as a researcher in Abdijan, Jordanna Matlon explored the African city’s peripheral economies and the men who make their livings and identities in these spaces.

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    about the authors

    Lisa Wade is in the sociology department at Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA. She is a co-founder of Sociological Images.

    Gwen Sharp is in the department of social sciences at Nevada State College. She is co-founder of Sociological Images.

    Sociological Images

    What is “indian art”?

    Contemporary Native American artists are often confined by narrow ideas of what “Indian art” should be, and many find themselves choosing between commercial success and artistic innovation.

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    about the authors

    Moon Charania is in the sociology program at Georgia State University where she studies postcolonial feminist movements, Pakistani visual culture, and the politics of globalization.

    Wendy Simonds is in the sociology department at Georgia State University and is the co-author of Laboring On: Birth in Transition in the United States.

    Culture Review

    The Princess and the Frog

    Despite being marketed as the first black princess cartoon, Disney’s The Princess and the Frog fails to challenge gender and race stereotypes. Charania and Simonds provide detailed commentary and illuminate how the film merely reworks and disguises old, familiar themes.

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    about the author

    Leah Sabo is a student at Arapahoe College in Centennial, Colorado. She wrote a version of this essay for a sociology course taught by John Ratliff.

    What I Learned

    What The Census Taught Me About Myself

    Life never really goes the way I expect.

    One minute I’m eight and in the 3rd grade, telling everyone that I’m going to be the world’s best lawyer, and the next I’m 21, attending community college and cramming courses into my schedule so I can graduate with a teaching credential in less than five years. One day I’m playing make believe with my friends on the field behind my elementary school, and the next I’m bussing tables and holding out hope for a coveted server job. Sometimes when I get really stressed, I forget how lucky I’ve been, being born in to an upper-middle class family and living in two sheltered communities my entire life. This essay examines the two communities that I grew up in—Irvine, California and Littleton, Colorado—and how these communities affected my socialization from that playground prosecutor to the person I am today.

    I was born in a suburb that was preplanned years before its first house was built. Known to locals as “The Bubble,” the city’s so protected that no house faces any major street, and the neighborhoods are divided into little communities with a park for the children and shopping centers within two miles. Low income housing is cleverly mixed in among the neighborhoods to protect the city from developing a ghetto. Every time a homeless person wanders into Irvine or a poor woman and her children try to sell roses by the freeway, they’re quickly “escorted” out of town by the police. Living in Irvine even means paying high association fees to insure that all the grass is watered and cut the same way. The image would be ruined if different houses had different colored grass, after all.

    According to the U.S. Census, the average family in Irvine makes $111,952; this is almost double the national average of $63,211, and almost everyone in Irvine is really flashy with their money. Even people who can’t afford the nicest cars and houses feel the pressure of consumerism; there, if you don’t have a nice car or a big house or the latest cell phone, you’re inferior to your peers. Like me, you’d never guess that 4.4% of people living in Irvine live below the poverty line. Poverty, in much of the O.C., is hidden like a disease. If Irvine had existed in ancient times, poverty would probably be more untouchable than leprosy.

    Parking my inherited 1995 Taurus in among the sea of silver Lexuses in my high school’s parking lot, I felt like a pauper. My best friend wanted to be original and “green,” so she asked for a brand new Prius for her 16th birthday. She got it. I think it’s because I felt poor growing up in Irvine that I’m really thrifty today. I hate spending money and feel like I always have to save money to survive, even though my family is actually relatively wealthy.

    The one thing that keeps Irvine from being a Stepford community is its racial diversity. Only 56% of its residents are white, and 35% of the residents are Asian. Even though Irvine’s only about two hours away from the Mexican border, only 8.7% of its residents were Latino and only 2% of the population is African American. While Irvine is a particularly diverse community, about 97% of families are one race and most of the mixed race families are Latino and Caucasian. Most of my own childhood friends were Asian with first generation Asian parents. Since I’m white, and many of these Asian parents disapproved of anyone of a different ethnicity hanging out with or dating their children, I always felt I had to prove that I was a worthy friend and girlfriend. Sometimes I felt like there was nothing short of becoming a world renowned brain surgeon that would make me worthy enough to be become part of these families. I believe, for instance, that the family of one friend still blames me, years later, for the fact that their son decided to go into the military instead of attending college.

    In Irvine about, 64% of residents have a bachelor’s degree. This is almost three times the national average of 27%. All throughout high school, we were pressured and told that the only way to be successful was to be accepted to and attend a prestigious four-year college. Everyone took at least a couple of AP classes and spent hundreds of dollars on SAT prep courses. Even the cheerleaders and football players were often in my AP classes with me. When I got accepted to and attended UC Davis, though, I learned quickly that the four-year environment wasn’t for everyone. After one semester, I dropped out and moved back in with my family to attend a community college. While I had been at UC, though, my family had relocated to Centennial, Colorado.

    After about a year of pining for the O.C. and my friends back in Irvine, I began to grow accustomed to the lifestyle in Centennial. The average household here makes $74,433 annually, and so, when my family moved here, we went from being a struggling lower-class family to a wealthier upper-class family. Suddenly, my frugal ways, old cell phone, and “classic” car were a much better fit with my community. And here, when I offer to take my friends out to lunch, I spend far less than when I treated in Irvine. About 38% of the population in Centennial hold bachelor’s degrees, so, while it’s still above average, I don’t feel like I’m admitting defeat when I tell someone that I go to community college. Economic class is a little more noticeable here. People seem less appearances-driven than in California, so their homes and cars are a better indicator of their wealth, and 8% of families here live below the poverty line. Overall, I am much happier and more at home in the less shallow lifestyle of Centennial.

    One thing that I still dearly miss about Irvine, though, is the racial diversity. In Colorado, everyone’s more ethnically homogenous. In Centennial, the population is over 77% white. I’ve noticed more and more how growing up around other races and, in particular, picking up Korean mannerisms means that sometimes I don’t know how to act without them. For instance, now that I am not constantly competing with the Korean sense of pride, I no longer feel the need to prove that I am a worthy individual through good grades and good study habits. I’ve noticed that my work ethic has diminished quite a bit. Also, it feels like my new Caucasian friends can’t sit around in silence the way that people of Asian backgrounds can. A lot of my new friends think it’s weird that I don’t always have things to say all the time. To my eyes, most of the 5% of people of Asian descent in Centennial act very “American.” So, strangely, even though I am part of the major ethnic group in Centennial, I feel like my racial class isn’t represented here.

    Over all, the different classes and ethnic groups that I have grown up—and moved away from—have really impacted who I am. I am overly frugal because of the impact of feeling poor and growing up in a glitzy consumerist society, and I can be socially awkward sometimes, because my mannerisms are a little bit Asian and I no longer live in a heavily Asian community. Who knows what type of person I would be if I had grown up in Centennial and then moved to Irvine. Maybe I’d feel pressured to spend and show off my wealth if I had grown up thinking I was wealthy in Centennial. My neighbors might think I was loud and obnoxious instead of thinking I am quiet and shy. Who knows? The only thing I know for certain is that my social, racial, and economic class and the cities in which I grew up have had a huge impact on my socialization.

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