Euthanasia: A Threat to Disabled Lives
In the past week, there have been several articles published commenting on Canada’s controversial plan to revise its current euthanasia law to allow people with psychiatric disabilities to be eligible for medical assistance in dying starting in March 2023. Titled Bill C-7, in 2021 this law expanded access to euthanasia to any person with an incurable illness or disability, not just the terminally ill. A similar process has also been occurring in California in the U.S, as a pending lawsuit seeks to overturn euthanasia safeguards. These increasing permissible euthanasia laws pose a serious threat to people with disabilities and will likely serve as a vehicle for further discrimination and oppression against the most vulnerable.
The view that euthanasia is a reasonable solution for disability is deeply rooted in ableist ideas. Public opinion on disability is influenced by media depictions, which often convey negative messages on disability, even if not overtly. For example, the manifest function, or obvious message, of the film Me Before You is a tragic romance story involving a disabled man. However, the latent function, or unintended meaning, of the film implies that disability is a fate worse than death when the main character chooses to end his life through euthanasia. This type of negative messaging in media that devalues disabled life may contribute to the general public support for euthanasia. Whereas the majority of disabled activists are strongly opposed to euthanasia, but rarely receive any media attention or news coverage. One such activist group is Not Dead Yet, a grassroots movement that opposes assisted suicide as a deadly form of discrimination.
One issue of concern in making assisted dying an option for more people with disabilities is that it will only promote more ableism and prejudice within medical settings. When healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards disability were surveyed, it was found that many held the view that a life with extensive disabilities is low quality and not one worth living. This negative bias can affect the treatment that disabled people receive. Thus with ableism already commonplace in medical care, there is concern that professionals will counsel and encourage people with disability to choose medically assisted death instead of providing them with other options for medical care. This concern is not unfounded as there have been reports of abuse, such as a reported case of a Canadian man with a neurodegenerative disease that testified that his nurses threatened to bankrupt him with extra medical costs or kick him out of the hospital if he did not opt for medically assisted death.
Another issue with legalizing euthanasia for disabled people is that there are power dynamics at play that make them at risk for coercion in other settings. According to the relational model of disability, disability is created and maintained by unequal social relationships. In a society where independence and self-sufficiency are emphasized, many disabled or chronically ill people struggle with losing their autonomy and being dependent on others for their care. Feeling burdensome on friends or family could lead vulnerable people to agree to death in order to satisfy others’ needs, not their own.
Lastly, one major issue with the process for determining eligibility for assisted dying is that it focuses on biological and psychological factors and largely ignores social factors that may be the underlying cause of suffering. Despite critiques from the disability activists, the medical model of disability, which states that an individual is disabled by their physical health defects, remains the predominant view. However, with this viewpoint, pain may be hastily attributed to physical causes when other causes are to blame. Utilizing the social model, which identifies disability as a result of systemic barriers and a lack of proper accommodations, would be more helpful in identifying factors in an individual’s environment which may be contributing to a person’s desire to die. These factors could include poverty or financial difficulties, a lack of social support, isolation, or experiencing stigma and/or discrimination. If outside factors are identified, this could be addressed with proper support such as connecting an individual to social networks or increasing care. This would help limit euthanasia to being used in situations where all other options have been exhausted.
As explained in the above argument, continuing to expand euthanization access leads to an increased potential for harm and abuse of the vulnerable in society. In accordance with the views of the disability rights movement, the best move would be for medical assistance in dying to once again be banned, or at the very least reinstate the safeguards that help to protect those with disabilities. Instead of putting effort toward assisting disabled people to die, governments should put an equal amount of effort into providing those with chronic illnesses and disabilities with the proper resources and support to live fulfilling lives.
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Morgan Houlihan is a student at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota where she studies neuroscience and psychology. She is currently working in direct support for individuals with disabilities and is interested in pursuing a career in healthcare.
Comments 11
five nights at freddy's
June 28, 2022There should be more laws to protect people with disabilities.
foodle
June 28, 2022I have read a lot of articles, but yours stood out to me as being really helpful and having excellent content. I appreciate you sharing.
marrbhi
July 13, 2022Lay Summary: Presented here are four non-religious, reasonable arguments against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia: (1) “it offends me,” suicide devalues human life; (2) slippery slope, the limits on euthanasia gradually erode; (3) “pain can be alleviated,” palliative care and modern therapeutics more and more.
Brad Vesperman
July 27, 2022There is a strong correlation between societies that legalize cannabis and those that legalize physician assisted suicide.
sadusek57
September 18, 2022Why can we put our animals out of their misery when their life is near the end, yet suffering, but we as humans are not afforded the same choice for ourselves? There will always be a "slippery slope" in regards to euthanasia.
I know this particular article is about disability, but the subject of euthanasia can't be divided like that.
No, pain is no longer treated as it previously was. Now all doctors who treat pain are afraid of the DEA and medical board. That is why there is an increase in suicides by chronic pain patients who have medications suddenly discontinued for no logical or medical reasons.
Only cancer pain maybe treated to the point of pain relief or death.
Keith Hillman
September 29, 2022Yes, this article is well thought out and encouraging. I am 75 and relatively healthy, but realize my heath, like all humans, will eventually decline to a point where I will need a caretaker. My wife passed 5 years ago from cancer. My children always tell me I am welcome to live with them. But, I do not want to be a burden to anyone. I took care of my wife in her final year of suffering at home and I am thankful I could. But, I can see how euthanasia could certainly become more and popular with those who are hopelessly suffering emotionally, mentally or physically and tend to make sens even to the medical field and government to reduce the growing burden medical cost related to aging or long term illness or impairment.
Josh808
October 26, 2022I want to leave this world, I have experienced nothing but pain for 20 straight year physical and emotional.
Donna Harwood
July 30, 2023This article seems to have left out the voices of the disabled themselves. Wanting to prevent abuse of such laws is understandable and valuable, but using it as a reason to make the choice to die unavailable to those suffering untreatable and painful conditions who are left to suffer more is unconscionable. There really is a point where quality of life is so low and there is nothing to be done for it. If someone in their right mind is suffering that much and wants relief from suffering, assisted suicide should be made available. It's a difficult concept to grasp until you're the one suffering. It's cruel to force continued suffering.
Sunmeng Wang
August 30, 2023Absolutely ignorant to how much suffering some people go through who are unable to take their life themselves. Hope you end up there one day. See how you feel.
Annette
January 28, 2024As someone with a disability, I am terrified of ending up in a hospital because I fear that I will be deemed 'not worthy of life' and disposed of by euthanasia rather than receive the treatment I need to continue living. Once a person has been killed, he cannot come back and say 'that is not my signature on that piece of paper'.
Joshua513
May 18, 2024As a disabled person of my type... I can't work, find happiness, live a life without physical and emotional pain and lmexist practically in debt for the rest of my life... Honestly I would appreciate the option.